A Level Physics Practice Exam

What type of energy transformation occurs as a gymnast ascends from a trampoline to a higher position?

1. Kinetic energy is transformed into elastic potential energy

2. Gravitational potential energy is transformed into chemical energy

3. Elastic potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy and then gravitational potential energy

4. Mechanical work is transformed into thermal energy

The correct answer is: Elastic potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy and then gravitational potential energy

As a gymnast ascends from a trampoline, the series of energy transformations can be analyzed in the context of energy types involved in the action. When the gymnast pushes off from the trampoline, they initially possess kinetic energy as they accelerate upwards. However, before launching, the gymnast compresses the trampoline, which stores energy in the form of elastic potential energy. As the gymnast leaves the trampoline, this stored elastic potential energy is converted primarily into kinetic energy, propelling the gymnast into the air. As they ascend, that kinetic energy is then transformed into gravitational potential energy due to the increase in height above the ground. Thus, while the gymnast moves upward, the energy transformation sequence involves elastic potential energy being converted into kinetic energy during takeoff, and subsequently, as the height increases, the kinetic energy is transformed into gravitational potential energy. This sequence is accurately captured in the chosen answer.